Embedding Research in Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Settings: Practical Steps and Considerations

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Published: 2026-03-25
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5130/wbjs1p29
Keywords:
Community-based research, community psychology, infant mental health services, research, evaluation, community-university partnerships

Main Article Content

Lamia Firasta
University of Ottawa
Evelyn Chan
Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre
Mary Motz
Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle
Samantha Kempe
University of Ottawa
Naomi Andrews
Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University
Bhupinder Heer
Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle
Denise Penaloza
Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre
Shainur Premji
Centre for Health Economics, University of York
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-5244
Nancy Poole
Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health
Hannah McDowell
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa
Debra Pepler
Faculty of Health - Department of Psychology, York University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2505-289X
Nicole Racine
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa & Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-6570

Abstract




Evidence-based programs that address the mental health needs of infants and
young children exposed to early adversity are essential for disrupting patterns of intergenerational risk. There is now a growing understanding that research must be co- created in collaboration with community partners, as research and evaluation are both core components of implementing infant and early childhood mental health programs. Yet less than half of infant and early childhood mental health programs in Canada have research and evaluation embedded within their core services. Embedding evaluations within a mental health program requires trust, relational development and the use of frameworks and methods that meet the needs of the program.





The process of embedding research within a community program setting has the potential to inform program improvements, provide critical information to funders and build evaluation capacity within the field of infant and early childhood mental health. This article provides a road map from the perspectives of embedded research staff, on-site service providers and academic researchers for conducting community-based research (CBR) within infant and early childhood mental health settings.


First, we provide a conceptual foundation of CBR along with an explanation of how these concepts can be applied within programs delivering infant and early childhood mental health services. Next, we detail and compare the histories of two community-based interventions for pregnant and parenting substance-involved mothers and their families: Breaking the Cycle (BTC), a program which has had research embedded within its operation from the onset and Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre (MWCHC), a similar program in the early stages of embedding research. We detail how an established researcher-community partnership served as a model for the second collaboration. Specifically,
we describe how a community-based researcher (the ‘research person’) can function as a bridge in facilitating community-university partnerships. We highlight specific strategies and considerations
for clinicians and researchers interested in building community research partnerships. Moreover, we provide practical guidance for embedding CBR within their programs to support relational approaches and research sustainability. Finally, we discuss collective reflections for increasing the uptake of infant mental health research and research practices in Canada.







Article Details

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Practice-based articles (Non-refereed)
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Author Biographies

Lamia Firasta, University of Ottawa

Lamia Firasta is a Research Assistant with the Early Lab. She graduated with her Bachelor of Science in mental health studies at the University of Toronto. Currently, she is the Community-based Researcher at Mothercraft’s Breaking the Cycle for the Early Relationships project. She is keen about community-based work and implementation science and hopes to pursue a career dedicated to working to improve quality of life of marginalized women and youth. She has a passion for improving mental health literacy and works outside of research as a mental health advocate, writer and workshop facilitator. 

Evelyn Chan, Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre

Evelyn Chan is a community-based researcher for the Early Relationships Study at Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre, based in Surrey, BC. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Neuroscience from McGill University. In her role, Evelyn is dedicated to elevating the voices of the community to ensure that research directly addresses the needs of those it serves. Her current main project involves understanding how interventions in a community setting can impact outcomes for high-risk mothers and their newborn infants. Additionally, her other research interests include exploring the effects of early childhood interventions and identifying improvements needed to better support systems for families.

Mary Motz, Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle

Dr. Mary Motz is a Clinical Psychologist at Mothercraft’s Breaking the Cycle program in Toronto. Since obtaining her degree in clinical-developmental psychology at York University in 2003, she has been working with pregnant people, mothers, as well as their infants andyoung children who are at risk for maladaptive outcomes because of challenges related to substance use and mental health difficulties, interpersonal violence and trauma, marginalization by society and systemic violence, and poverty.  

In collaboration with internal and community research partners, Dr. Motz has led the program evaluation and research at BTC, including Connections for Breaking the Cycle (C-BTC), and has supervised numerous research and clinical practicum students. Dr. Motz has authored numerous academic publications and technical reports, as well as provided training nationally and internationally related to promoting healthy infant and child development, supporting children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and providing trauma-informed interventions for families with infants and young children who have complex needs.  

Samantha Kempe, University of Ottawa

Samantha graduated from the University of Ottawa in 2023 with a BA degree in Psychology. Sam has spent the two years exploring her research interests as a Research Coordinator in Dr. Racine’s Early Lab. Sam plans to pursue graduate school where she will explore her interests in clinical child psychology with a focus on attachment styles, child adversity, and child and family mental health.

Naomi Andrews, Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University

Dr. Naomi Andrews is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies and holds a Ph.D. in Family and Human Development from the T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics at Arizona State University. She also completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Mothercraft’s Breaking the Cycle program – a prevention and early intervention program for mothers with substance use issues and their young children – and the LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research at York University. She has worked with Breaking the Cycle for over 10 years. 

Broadly, her research focuses on applying a relational perspective to understand children and youth’s social adjustment and problem behaviors (e.g., aggression, victimization). From the lens that these problem behaviors are inherently social phenomena, she has focused on disentangling the complex social relationship processes that underlie problem behaviors. Through three related but distinct lines of work, Dr. Andrews is interested in: 1) understanding how children and youth’s peer relationships and the social context contribute to involvement in problem behaviors; 2) considering youth’s gender identity and gender-based peer experiences, particularly in relation to problem behaviors, social functioning, and relationships; and 3) applying a relational perspective to conduct meaningful, community-based intervention and evaluation research. Her goal is for this basic and applied research to have meaningful implications for decreasing children and youth’s involvement in problem behaviors in school or other social settings, understanding gender identity and intergroup relations, and promoting healthy relationships.

Bhupinder Heer, Mothercraft's Breaking the Cycle

Bhupinder Heer is a Registered Social Worker and Director of Child and Family Services at the Canadian Mothercraft Society and her portfolio includes leading and overseeing the early childhood programs and services which includes Breaking the Cycle Program and Connections for Breaking the Cycle Program (C-BTC). She is a Registered Social Worker with the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers (OCSWSSW).

Bhupinder has over 25 years of experience in children’s mental health clinical service delivery, early childhood development, early identification, early intervention and prevention for families and young children. She has extensive experience fostering strategic partnerships and engaging in system-level collaborations to ensure services meet the needs of children and families, are better integrated and rooted in evidence to ensure quality.

Bhupinder is the recipient of the 2018 Mary Neville Award, in recognition of her clinical leadership and commitment to inclusion, collaboration and early identification which supported to enrich Peel Region’s child and youth mental health system as well as the 2008, National Health Service, UK, Collaboration and Partnership Award.

 

Denise Penaloza, Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre

Denise Penaloza is the Supervisor at the Maxxine Wright Community Health Centre located in Surrey. She has been with Maxxine Wright since it opened in 2005. Denise spent 15 years as a Labour & Delivery nurse prior to her 14 years in Public Health. Maxxine Wright is the culmination of her passion for women’s health, babies and the power of change. Her time is shared between day-to-day operations of the clinic, direct care for clients and administrative duties that include teaching and advocacy.

Shainur Premji, Centre for Health Economics, University of York

Shainur Premji is a Research Fellow at the Centre for Health Economics, University of York, and a PhD candidate in health economics in the Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary. Shainur has over 15 years of progressive experience in applied health research, program evaluation, and health economics and has worked in various public, private, and academic environments.

Nancy Poole, Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health

Dr. Nancy Poole, Director of the Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, was recognized for her contributions to women’s health and safety, including trauma-informed practice and the treatment of substance use and addiction.

Through research and education, Dr. Poole’s contribution in Canada and beyond has spanned more than 40 years, and her passion for supporting and educating those in professions who help women is fierce.

For more than two decades, she has also been a JIBC faculty member, integral to the Institute’s successful work in the prevention and treatment of problematic substance use and in preparing justice and public safety organizations to become more trauma-informed.

Dr. Poole is well known in Canada and internationally for her work not only in research and education, but in helping create virtual networks and collaborative mediums to facilitate the exchange of knowledge on women’s health and promote critical thinking on complex health and social justice issues.

She is often a catalyst for social change aimed at improving the lives of women and girls and better designing systems to help them. Her success is due largely to a conviction that by linking considerations such as mental health, trauma, homelessness, addiction and Indigenous wellness approaches, we can create effective treatment and interventions while advocating for sex and gender-informed approaches in all health research.

In addition to being a national leader in trauma-informed practice and addressing substance use issues among women and girls, Dr. Poole is distinguished in the field of prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), leading national research and knowledge exchange on this issue for the Canada FASD Research Network  

Dr. Poole earned her Bachelor of Arts in sociology at Queen’s University, a Diploma in Child Study at the University of Toronto, a Master of Arts in Distributed Learning at Royal Roads University, and a PhD in Education at the University of South Australia.

 

Hannah McDowell, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa

Hannah is a second year PhD student in the Clinical Psychology program at the University of Ottawa, where she is a member of the Early Lab and is under the supervision of Dr. Racine. She holds an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of Ottawa, a Master of Arts in Experimental Psychology from Brock University, an Honours Diploma in Child and Youth Counselling from Humber College. Hannah’s research focuses on the impact of maternal trauma on child development, parenting, attachment, and adverse childhood experiences.

Debra Pepler, Faculty of Health - Department of Psychology, York University

Professor Debra Pepler is a distinguised researcher and her research has changed the way we think about bullying, aggression and other forms of violence, especially among marginalized and alienated young people. She speaks widely to professional and community audiences about children at risk. Dr. Pepler has a strong publication record and has edited four volumes in the past four years on understanding and addressing children’s aggression, bullying, and victimization.

Professor Debra Pepler has been a member of the Department of Psychology at York since 1988. She was the Director of the LaMarsh Centre for Research on Violence and Conflict Resolution from 1994 to 2002. Dr. Pepler has been a Senior Associate Scientist at the Hospital for Sick Children since 2001. She received her PhD in 1979 from the University of Waterloo and is a Registered Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. She has co-authored four books, dozens of referred journal articles, book chapters, reviews and government reports. She has been the primary supervisor of 29 graduate PhD students. Dr. Pepler has served on the Ontario Minister of Education’s Safe Schools Action Team since 2004. She also serves on several other advisory committees related to parenting, antisocial behaviour, and school violence.

Professor Pepler was awarded a Network of Centres of Excellence: New Initiatives grant to establish PREVNet – Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network, together with Dr. Wendy Craig, her first York Ph.D. student. This is a collaborative and interdisciplinary initiative that brings together 62researchers from 27 Canadian universities and 49 national organizations. The grant, the first stage of Canada’s largest funding mechanism, is the culmination of many years of work for Professor Pepler, who has been tirelessly involved in community-based research and public policy development on pressing social issues related to children and youth.  

Dr. Pepler has conducted two major research programs on children at risk within the context of peer relationships at school and in context of the family. To study aggression and bullying, Dr. Pepler developed an innovative methodology to observe children’s interactions which would normally be hidden from adults. Dr. Pepler has been honoured for this research with the Contribution to Knowledge Award from the Psychology Foundation of Canada, the Educator of the Year Award from Phi Delta Kappa (Toronto), the University of Waterloo Arts in Academia Award, and the Canadian Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to Public or Community Service.

 

Nicole Racine, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa & Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario

Dr. Nicole Racine is a clinical psychologist and Assistant Professor in the School of Psychology at the University of Ottawa, Canada. Dr. Racine received her PhD in Clinical-Developmental Psychology at York University and completed a residency in Clinical and Pediatric Child Psychology at the Alberta Children’s Hospital. She completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Calgary and the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute. Her research program examines the impact of early childhood adversity on mental health and wellbeing, risk and resilience processes, and what prevention and intervention strategies break cycles of risk across generations. As a recognized leader in child adversity and mental health, she has received a number of national awards, including the 2021 New Researcher Award from the Canadian Psychological Association and a Governor General’s Academic Gold Medal. Dr. Racine has published more than 75 peer-reviewed papers in top journals in the field of pediatrics and mental health including, JAMA Pediatrics and the Lancet Psychiatry. Several of her research studies have been ranked in the top 5% of all published research in terms of their attention and reach. Her high impact work has been included in key policy documents on children’s mental health by the Royal Society of Canada and has informed bills put forward to the House of Commons. Dr. Racine sits on the board of trustees of Strong Minds Strong Kids, Psychology Canada, a national organization using psychological science to inform programs to promote resilience in children and youth. Dr. Racine’s work has been featured in several prominent news outlets including CBC News, CTV News, and, the Globe and Mail. She regularly provides media interviews both nationally and internationally and writes editorials for the Conversation Canada where her work has received more than 175,000 views. As a practising child psychologist, Dr. Racine believes that innovation and novel solutions happen when science and practice connect.

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