混搭?抑或混乱?——中产阶级格调在中国 [Mix and Match or Confusion?: Middleclass Taste in China]
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Abstract
作为中国大陆市场经济改革最触目的结果之一,新兴的“中产阶级”完全打乱了已经持续几十年的原有的社会主义阶级结构,也从更深层面动摇中国稳定的农业社会结构。但中国大陆的传统儒道文化基因、后极权统治与新兴资本经济之间错纵复杂及畸形发展的关系,构成奇特怪异的共生链。西方现代文明与中国农业文明之间的矛盾、全球化与地域性的矛盾形成博弈,也造成混乱与冲突。当下中国大陆社会,人口的重新分布与阶层的重新形成(但又尚未实现稳定的阶层),导致传统价值观念的改变、宗教与政治的操控发生动摇。一切都在流动并在嬗变。人们也在这种新旧快速转型中迷失。可以说,正是处于一种精神分裂、道德分裂、审美分裂的状态。
中国中产阶级,来自中国不同的地域、阶层,他们没有经历象西方中产阶级那样的资产阶级阶段,而是由于首先是经济意义上的变化而带来身份的变化。而这种身份,文化背景是复杂的。既有乡土农业文明的痕迹,又有社会主义意识形态的烙印。他们所能凭藉的作为中产阶级的文化资源相当匮乏,或者说他们的文化资源、原有的文化身份正是他们企图蜕变的。所以“趣味”,便成为他们寻找新身份的表达,这是一种附在表层而不是长在身体上的标签。
因为中国中产者迄今为止尚未形成真正的主流意志,而整个中国社会一方面是传统思想体系支离破碎,一方面是新社会意识形态还是混沌不清:集体化衰退,个人性凸现,而精神正处于难以进退的窄门。因此,挖掘民族文化谱系中的核心价值,并与国家、社会的现代化进程相适应,这样的人文建设迫在眉急。
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