Le Musée du bagne en Nouvelle-Calédonie et ses constructions identitaires / The Penal Colony Museum in New Caledonia and its Identity Constructions
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Abstract
Au XIXème siècle, la Nouvelle-Calédonie et l'Australie étaient des colonies pénitentiaires dans le Pacifique Sud. L’analyse du discours muséal des deux musées (Hyde Park Barracks à Sydney et le projet pour un musée du bagne à Nouméa) se base sur la période pénitentiaire pour mettre en lumière les difficultés que l’on peut avoir à affronter son passé de violence. Même si ces deux pays ont une histoire différente, le but commun est d'accepter cette partie de leur généalogie. Après avoir été tabou, avoir des ancêtres criminels est maintenant une source de fierté; l'exil n'est plus considéré comme une expulsion de la patrie britannique ou française, mais plutôt comme une aventure de pionniers. Ceci entraîne un déni d'autres aspects de la colonisation et réduit la participation ou les interactions entre communautés dans la construction de l’histoire mémorielle. Nous devons également garder à l'esprit que les musées jouent un rôle politique. En Nouvelle-Calédonie, il est évident que le processus d'autodétermination prévu entre 2014-2018 a influencé le projet du musée à Nouville. Un bagnard dans la famille prouvera votre ancrage dans cette terre et pourrait justifier votre droit de vote dans le référendum. Ces musées n’évoquent pas seulement l'histoire mais préparent aussi l’avenir.
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