UTS ePRESS IS OPEN ACCESS

The Transmission of Chinese Medicine in Australia

Mary Garvey

Abstract


The paper explores some of the issues concerning the transmission of Chinese medicine in Australia, its practitioner training and the future of Chinese medicine as a distinct medical discipline in the Australian context. In China over the last century Chinese medicine was overhauled in order to align it with the biomedical perspective prevalent in the West. These changes, in turn, had important consequences for the transmission of CM in Australia and the West. But while the biomedicalisation of CM has offered the path of least resistance, it has also lead to unworkable simplifications and methodological failures. The paper thus argues for a renewed access to the tradition’s primary sources in order to ally the distinctive features and methods of traditional practice with biomedicine, as an alternative to an outright integration into biomedical practice.

Keywords


Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, complementary medicine, healthcare, education, transmission

Full Text:

PDF

References


Beijing College of TCM 1972, Revised Outline of Chinese Medicine, Beijing College of TCM, Beijing (in Chinese).

Bensoussan, A. & Myers, S. P. 1996, Towards a Safer Choice: The Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine In Australia, University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Sydney.

Bian, Z. & Moher, D. 2008, 'Clinical Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials in Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Historical and Contemporary Review -Part Two, ' Chinese Medicine Times eJournal, vol. 3, no. 3. Online, available: http://www.chinesemedicinetimes.com/ [accessed 1 September 2008].

Chang, M. Y. 1992, Anticancer Medicinal Herbs, trans. Y. Bai. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Hunan, China.

Chen, J. D. 1994, Treatment of Diabetes with Traditional Chinese Medicine, trans. Y. K. Sun, S. H. Zhou & Y. B. Lu. Shandong Science and Technology Press, Jinan, China.

Chen, J. K. & Chen, T. T. 2004, Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. Art of Medicine Press, City of Industry, California.

Chi, C. H. 1994, 'Integrating Traditional Medicine into Modern Health Care Systems: Examining the Role of Chinese Medicine in Taiwan, ' Social Science and Medicine, vol. 39, no. 3: 307332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90127-9

Croizier, R. C. 1975, 'Medicine and Modernization in China: An Historical Overview, ' in Medicine In Chinese Cultures: Comparative Studies of Health Care in Chinese and Other Societies. Papers and Discussions from a Conference Held in Seattle, Washington, USA, February 1974, (eds) A. Kleinman, P. Kunstadter, E. R. Alexander & J.L. Gale. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Washington: 2135.

Croizier, R. C. 1976, 'The Ideology of Medical Revivalism in Modern China, ' in Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study, (ed.) C. Leslie. University of California Press, Berkeley: 341355.

Cunningham, A. & Andrews, B. 1997, 'Western Medicine as Contested Knowledge, ' in Western Medicine as Contested Knowledge, (eds) A. Cunningham & B. Andrews. Manchester University Press, Manchester.

Farquhar, J. 1987, 'Problems of Knowledge in Contemporary Chinese Medical Discourse, ' Social Science and Medicine, vol. 24, no. 12: 10131021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(87)90017-7

Farquhar, J. 1992, 'Time and Text: Approaching Chinese Medical Practice Through Analysis of a Published Case, ' in Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge, (eds) L. Young & A. Young. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles: 6273.

Farquhar, J. 1994, Knowing Practice: The Clinical Encounter of Chinese Medicine. Westview Press, Boulder.

Felt, R. 2008, 'Is Qi Energy?, ' in Theime Almanac 2008: Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, (eds) M. McCarthy & S. Birch. Thieme, Stuttgart: 304308.

Hou, J. L. 1995, Treatments of Gastrorintestranal Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Academy Press, Beijing.

Hsu, E. 1999, The Transmission of Chinese Medicine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Hsu, E. 2000, 'Spirit (Shen), Styles of Knowing, and Authority in Contemporary Chinese Medicine, ' Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, vol. 24, no. 2: 197229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005529514427

Liu, Y. C. & Liu, Z. W. 1998, Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy Press, Beijing.

Nanjing Academy of TCM 1958, Outline of TCM. People's Medical Publishing, Beijing (in Chinese).

Nanjing College of TCM 1959, Compendium of TCM. People's Hygiene Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

Porkert, M. 1974, The Theoretical Foundations of Chinese Medicine: Systems of Correspondence. First ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Porkert, M. 1976, 'The Intellectual and Social Impulses Behind the Evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ' in Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study, (ed.) C. Leslie. University of California Press, Berkeley: 6376.

Scheid, V. 1999, 'The Globalisation of Chinese Medicine, ' The Lancet, vol. 354, supplement 4, December: SIV10-SIV10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)90353-7

Scheid, V. 2002a, Chinese Medicine in Contemporary China: Plurality and Synthesis. Duke University Press, Durham, NC, & London.

Scheid, V. 2002b, 'Remodeling the Arsenal of Chinese Medicine: Shared Pasts, Alternative Futures, ' Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 583, September: 136159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716202583001009

Scheid, V. 2006, 'Chinese Medicine and the Problem of Tradition, ' Asian Medicine, Tradition and Modernity, vol. 2, no. 1: 5971.

Scheid, V. 2007, Currents of Tradition in Chinese Medicine 1626-2006. Eastland Press, Seattle.

Shan, J. 2009, 'New TCM Standard Created, ' China Daily: The National English Language Newspaper, October 13: 1. Online, available: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/ [accessed 1 November 2009].

Shanghai College of TCM 1981, Acupuncture: A Comprehensive Text, trans. J. O'Connor & D. Bensky. Eastland Press, Chicago.

Shanghai College of Traditional Medicine (Acu-Moxi-Therapy Teaching Unit) (1962 & 1974), Textbook of Acu-Moxi-Therapy. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai (in Chinese).

Sivin, N. 1987, Traditional Medicine in Contemporary China: a Partial Translation of Revised Outline of Chinese Medicine (1972): With an Introductory Study on Change in Present Day and Early Medicine. Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Sivin, N. 1993, 'Huang Ti Nei Ching, ' in Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide, (ed.) M. Loewe. Society for the Study of Early China; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley: 196215.

Taylor, K. 2005, Chinese Medicine in Early Communist China, 194563: A Medicine of Revolution. RoutledgeCurzon, London. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203311271

Unschuld, P. U. 1993, 'History of Chinese Medicine, ' in The Cambridge World History of Human Disease, (ed.) K. F. Kiple. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521332866.004

Waldram, J. B. 2000, 'The Efficacy of Traditional Medicine: Current Theoretical and Methodological Issues, ' Medical Anthropology Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4: 603625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.2000.14.4.603

Zhang, D. Z. 2003, Treating Toxico-Side Effects of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy with Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, trans. W. Lu & P. Lin. People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing.

Zhou, F. W. & Zhang, Q. W. 2005, 'The Path of the Old Chinese Doctors, ' The Lantern, vol. 2, no. 2: 6 13.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/portal.v8i2.1652


Share this article:

ISSN: 1449-2490

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.