International Journal of Rural Law and Policy
type: channel
description: This journal is no longer accepting submissions via UTS ePRESS. The International Journal of Rural Law and Policy is a peer reviewed journal covering the many interdisciplinary and complex issues which make up rural and regional law and policy. This journal, via UTS ePRESS, did not charge any type of article processing charge (APC) or any type of article submission charge. It continues to be published at AUSTLII: http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/IntJlRuralLawP/
publisher: UTS ePRESS
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Rural Law and Policy
issn: 1839-745X
copyright: Authors who submit articles to this journal from 31st March 2014 for publication, agree to the following terms: a) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. b) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. c) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Open Access Citation Advantage Service). Where authors include such a work in an institutional repository or on their website (ie. a copy of a work which has been published in a UTS ePRESS journal, or a pre-print or post-print version of that work), we request that they include a statement that acknowledges the UTS ePRESS publication including the name of the journal, the volume number and a web-link to the journal item. d) Authors should be aware that the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License permits readers to share (copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the work) for any purpose, even commercially, provided they also give appropriate credit to the work, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. They may do these things in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests you or your publisher endorses their use. For Issue: "Occasional Papers" and before, the following copyright applied: Authors, upo…
items: From Smokebush to Spinifex: Indigenous traditional knowledge and the commercialisation of plants
items: Proposed REDD+ project for the Sundarbans: Legal and institutional issues
items: Editorial
items: Public on Paper: The Failure of Law to Protect Public Water Uses in the Western United States
items: A Tale of Two Systems: Conflict, Law and the Development of Water Allocation in Two Common Law Jurisdictions
items: Application of Environmental Conflict Resolution to Public Interest Issues in Water Disputes
items: Water Law, Mining and Hydro-Energy Conflicts in South America: Tales from the Andes and Patagonia
items: Too Hot to Handle: Climate Change and Agricultural Water Use
items: Property Rights in Water and Social Conflict: An Example from Iceland
items: Developments in Water Pollution Law and Policy in China: Effective Enough to Cope with Water Pollution Conflict?
items: Some Reflections on the Resolution of State-to-State Disputes in International Waters Governance Agreements
items: Poisoning the Right to Water in South Africa: What Can the Law Do?
items: Great Big Hairy Bees! Regulating the European Bumblebee, Bombus Terrestris L. What does it say about the Precautionary Principle?
items: The impact of the law on consultation practices and purpose: A case study of Aboriginal cultural heritage consultations in NSW
items: The regulation of diffuse pollution in the European Union: science, governance and water resource management
items: Mining, regional Australia and the economic multiplier
items: Business structures and sustainable regional legal practice: the use of incorporated legal practices by regional, rural and remote legal practitioners
items: ‘Placing’ the other: final year law students’ ‘imagined’ experience of rural and regional practice within the law school context
items: Centre-periphery tensions in legal theory and practice: can law and lawyers resist urban imperialism?
items: "Fit in or F#$@ off": the (non) disclosure of sexual harassment in rural workplaces
items: Program and Abstracts - Second National Rural and Regional Law and Justice Conference
items: Editorial for the Special Edition 2012
items: REDD+ and the Clean Development Mechanism: A comparative perspective
items: Tropical wetlands and REDD+: Three unique scientific challenges for policy
items: A survey of ASEAN instruments relating to peatlands, mangroves and other wetlands: The REDD+ context
items: The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity, REDD+ and climate change in mangrove ecosystems of Southeast Asia
items: The implementation limitations of and alternative policy solutions for Indonesia's REDD+ program concerning peatland restoration
items: The risks of using REDD+ to manage rich socio-ecological systems
items: To exploit or not to exploit: The structure and development of arguments over the use of wetlands
items: Extending REDD+ to mangroves and wetlands for small island states and a case study for the conservation of mangroves and inter-tidal mudflats in Singapore

From Smokebush to Spinifex: Indigenous traditional knowledge and the commercialisation of plants
type: item
description: Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, have diverse relationships with plants and their seeds. This cultural knowledge has been passed on through the generations, creating a deep history that has produced sophisticated fields of knowledge intimately linked to both diverse cultural geographies and the natural environment across the country. Western scientific, government and private sector commercial institutions have been collecting Australian plant material for over 200 years. Sometimes, such ‘collectors’ obtain the Indigenous knowledge simultaneously with the plant material. On occasions, the culturally-based Indigenous ownership of that knowledge is acknowledged by collectors. However in the majority of instances that has not been the case. Furthermore, different western institutions take different approaches to the collection, management and use of Australian plant material and associated Indigenous plant knowledge. A particular challenge in this arena is the lack of any shared understanding of Indigenous knowledge and intellectual property issues that are involved, and how those might best be addressed. But there is a gathering momentum, from diverse quarters, to face such challenges. This paper aims to contribute to consideration of the issues involved in order to promote more robust inclusion of Indigenous rights, interests and concerns.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: indigenous culture
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual property
  topic: keywords
subject: law
  topic: keywords
subject: K1401-1578
  topic: subjects
subject: intellectual property
  topic: disciplines
subject: law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Terri Janke
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Terri Janke
date: 2018-03-28
publication date: 2018-03-28
starting page: ID 5713
ending page: ID 5713
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.1.2018.5713

Proposed REDD+ project for the Sundarbans: Legal and institutional issues
type: item
description: Sundarbans, a Ramsar and World Heritage site, is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world covering parts of Bangladesh and India. Natural mangroves were very common along the entire coast of Bangladesh. However, all other natural mangrove forests, including the Chakaria Sundarbans with 21,000 hectares of mangrove, have been cleared for shrimp cultivation. Against this backdrop, the Forest Department of Bangladesh has developed project design documents for a project called ‘Collaborative REDD+ Improved Forest Management (IFM) Sundarbans Project’ (CRISP) to save the only remaining natural mangrove forest of the country. This project, involving conservation of 412,000 ha of natural mangrove forests, is expected to generate, over a 30-year period, a total emissions reduction of about 6.4 million tons of CO2. However, the successful implementation of this project involves a number of critical legal and institutional issues. It may involve complex legal issues such as forest ownership, forest use rights, rights of local people and carbon rights. It may also involve institutional reforms. Ensuring good governance of the proposed project is very vital considering the failure of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) funded and Bangladesh Forest Department managed ‘Sundarbans Biodiversity Conservation Project’. Considering this previous experience, this paper suggests that a comprehensive legal and institutional review and reform is needed for the successful implementation of the proposed CRISP project. This paper argues that without ensuring local people’s rights and their participation, no project can be successful in the Sundarbans. Moreover, corruption of local and international officials may be a serious hurdle in the successful implementation of the project.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: Sundarbans
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: forest conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: International law and policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saiful Karim
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Saiful Karim
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3366

Editorial
type: item
description: This edition brings together issues of natural resources, social dynamics and complex policy challenges. The specific issues and the ways in which they are being addressed vary greatly around the world. While water law varies in response to the unique legal, social and ecological challnges of each jurisdiction, there are over-arching challenges to the effective use of the law. Water governance and legal scholarship can provide new insights into ways to address these universal challenges.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Paul Vincent Martin
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Paul Vincent Martin
date: 2011-10-21
publication date: 2011-10-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2597

Public on Paper: The Failure of Law to Protect Public Water Uses in the Western United States
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: water uses
  topic: keywords
subject: public water uses
  topic: keywords
subject: prior appropriation doctrine
  topic: keywords
subject: public trust doctrine
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental protection
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: water law
  topic: disciplines
subject: public interest
  topic: disciplines
creator: Reed D Benson
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Reed D Benson
date: 2011-10-21
publication date: 2011-10-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2600

A Tale of Two Systems: Conflict, Law and the Development of Water Allocation in Two Common Law Jurisdictions
type: item
description: <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:SimSun; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:宋体; mso-font-charset:134; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; panose-1:2 11 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:13.0pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.Abstract, li.Abstract, div.Abstract {mso-style-name:Abstract; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Abstract Char"; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:2.0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:42.55pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; line-height:12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule:exactly; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#404040; mso-themecolor:text1; mso-themetint:191; font-style:italic;} span.AbstractChar {mso-style-name:"Abstract Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:Abstract; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size…
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: United States water law
  topic: keywords
subject: Australian water law
  topic: keywords
subject: historical evolution of water allocations
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: social institutions
  topic: disciplines
subject: conflict
  topic: disciplines
creator: Paul Martin
creator: John C Becker
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Paul Martin, John C Becker
date: 2011-10-21
publication date: 2011-10-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2605

Application of Environmental Conflict Resolution to Public Interest Issues in Water Disputes
type: item
description: This article examines the role of environmental conflict resolution (ECR) in the public interest issues of water disputes. The article endeavours to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of a range of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and negotiation approaches in the context of decision-making. Although many embrace ECR as the cheaper and more effective alternative to more formalistic and entrenched judicial processes before courts of law and quasi-judicial tribunals, the authors argue that there is an urgent need for a more critical, contextual and issue-oriented approach. In particular, the article highlights the significant difficulties associated with representing the full range of stakeholders who should be involved in an ADR process, and the lack of transparency and procedural safeguards associated with ADR in complex public interest disputes. The strength of ADR in smaller project-specific disputes involving a very limited number of stakeholders is well understood. The authors argue that ADR may have a significant role in scoping the issues and associated research as well as facilitating agreement on procedural aspects of large, complex public interest water disputes. However, ADR has severe limitations as a decision-making process. For example, water conflicts necessarily involve the concept of sustainability that in turn touches on a complex maze of social, political, economic and ecological values. The probability of reaching a mediated settlement in such a context is severely curtailed. A preferable approach may be one that is entirely transparent, capable of being both monitored and enforced, and is binding on all stakeholders whether or not they are parties to the mediation.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Environmental conflict resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: alternative dispute resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: water disputes
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: public interest
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: alternative dispute resolution
  topic: disciplines
creator: Michael Jeffrey QC
creator: Donna Craig
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Michael Jeffrey QC, Donna Craig
date: 2011-10-21
publication date: 2011-10-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2607

Water Law, Mining and Hydro-Energy Conflicts in South America: Tales from the Andes and Patagonia
type: item
description: Conflicts in connection with hydro-energy and mining activities vis-à-vis other water uses, mainly human consumption, agriculture, industry, tourism, or even the essential flows needed for ecosystem protection, call into question whether South America’s path in the 21st Century will be characterized as ‘open veins’ (borrowing from the title of Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano’s book) or sustainable development. In this era of ‘New Conquistadors’, as some have called it, the key question is whether water law and environmental legal frameworks in the region are fit to deal with the pressure posed by these extracting industries. The paper seeks to contribute to this debate by discussing legal issues in connection with a controversial gold mining project in the Argentina-Chile border and a hydro-energy project in the Chilean Patagonia. The goal of the paper is to provide a South American perspective of water law through the lens of conflict. The paper concludes that water-related conflicts in these projects reveal weaknesses in the regulatory scheme for such endeavours and underscores the need to adopt reforms or implement mechanisms to ensure that water resources are adequately assessed, protected, and monitored.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Intergovernmental water agreements
  topic: keywords
subject: water for hydro-power
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental water
  topic: keywords
subject: South American water law
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: environment
  topic: disciplines
creator: Victor Tafur
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Victor Tafur
date: 2011-10-23
publication date: 2011-10-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2601

Too Hot to Handle: Climate Change and Agricultural Water Use
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Western United States water law
  topic: keywords
subject: agricultural water use
  topic: keywords
subject: water rights
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental water needs
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: environment
  topic: disciplines
creator: Denise Fort
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Denise Fort
date: 2011-10-23
publication date: 2011-10-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2602

Property Rights in Water and Social Conflict: An Example from Iceland
type: item
description: Social conflict in Iceland over property rights in natural resources has prompted a call for the introduction of a provision into the Constitution of Iceland declaring natural resources ‘the property of the nation’. The paper explores the social conflict concerning property rights in water and, based on recent proposals and recommendations for Constitutional amendments, the possible implications of such a Constitutional provision in light of existing water rights and how it accommodates the considerations raised.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Icelandic law
  topic: keywords
subject: water law
  topic: keywords
subject: private versus public
  topic: keywords
subject: property rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Icelandic Constitution art 72
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: water law
  topic: disciplines
subject: property rights
  topic: disciplines
subject: constitutional law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kristin Haradsdottir
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Kristin Haradsdottir
date: 2011-10-23
publication date: 2011-10-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2603

Developments in Water Pollution Law and Policy in China: Effective Enough to Cope with Water Pollution Conflict?
type: item
description: Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues facing China. In 2005, an exceptionally serious water pollution accident in the Songhua River — caused by an unintended and sudden chemicals explosion — heralded an official recognition of a water pollution crisis in China. Although there have been new initiatives in national law and policy concerning water pollution that attempt to respond to issues of: social conflict caused by water pollution; government accountability; liability of polluting entities; and citizens’ rights in cases of water pollution, the challenges for the rule of environmental law in effectively reducing water pollution accidents and resolving water pollution conflict still exist. There is an urgent need to strengthen compliance and enforcement. This paper discusses the issues of water pollution conflict and the possible resolutions offered through law and policy.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: water-law
  topic: keywords
subject: social-justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese constitution
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: environment
  topic: disciplines
creator: Qun Du
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Qun Du
date: 2011-10-25
publication date: 2011-10-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2599

Some Reflections on the Resolution of State-to-State Disputes in International Waters Governance Agreements
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: governance
  topic: keywords
subject: international water law
  topic: keywords
subject: dispute resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: arbitration
  topic: keywords
subject: tribunal
  topic: keywords
subject: sea
  topic: keywords
subject: convention
  topic: keywords
subject: transboundary
  topic: keywords
subject: enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: mediation
  topic: keywords
subject: negotiation
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: water law
  topic: disciplines
subject: dispute resolution
  topic: disciplines
subject: comparative law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Richard Kyle Paisley
creator: Alex Grzybowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Richard Kyle Paisley, Alex Grzybowski
date: 2011-10-25
publication date: 2011-10-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2606

Poisoning the Right to Water in South Africa: What Can the Law Do?
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: South African water law
  topic: keywords
subject: acid mine drainage
  topic: keywords
subject: water shortage
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental water
  topic: keywords
subject: civil rights
  topic: keywords
subject: South Africa constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: water law
  topic: disciplines
subject: rural social justice
  topic: disciplines
subject:
  topic: disciplines
creator: Michael Kidd
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Michael Kidd
date: 2011-10-26
publication date: 2011-10-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2604

Great Big Hairy Bees! Regulating the European Bumblebee, Bombus Terrestris L. What does it say about the Precautionary Principle?
type: item
description: The previous Commonwealth Minister for the Environment, Mr Garrett, recently rejected a request to allow the importation of live bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.) to mainland Australia. New South Wales and Victoria had already listed the introduction of bumblebees as, respectively, a key threatening process and a potentially threatening process. The Commonwealth, however, had previously declined an application to list the introduction of bumblebees as a key threatening process, although its Threatened Species Scientific Committee urged ‘that extreme caution be shown in considering any proposal to introduce this species to the mainland.’ The potential threat from bumblebees would appear to beg the questions posed by the precautionary principle. Would the presence of bumblebees to mainland Australia pose a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage? Should a lack of full scientific certainty be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation? This paper considers the role of the precautionary principle in regulatory approaches to the bumblebee. It seeks to establish the application of the precautionary principle to this particular potential environmental threat, including its relationship to the principle of conservation of biological diversity. It concludes that, despite widespread adoption of the precautionary principle in policy, legislation and case law in Australia, its impact on regulating bumblebees has not been consistent.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: precautionary principle
  topic: keywords
subject: ecosystem management
  topic: keywords
subject: Australian environmental law
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive species
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
subject: Ecosystem Management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Cameron Alastair Moore
creator: Caroline Gross
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 Cameron Alastair Moore, Caroline Gross
date: 2012-06-02
publication date: 2012-06-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2012.2627

The impact of the law on consultation practices and purpose: A case study of Aboriginal cultural heritage consultations in NSW
type: item
description: Consultation research to date has largely concentrated on how consultation practices generally serve only the purpose of procedural compliance. This article identifies and explores the gap in existing research on the impact of law on consultation practices and purposes. To explore current practices and the potential contribution of law to the nature of consultation practices, the article focuses on the NSW duty to consult Aboriginal people before permitting harm to Aboriginal cultural heritage. Conventional regulatory approaches to consultation assume that Aboriginal interests are accommodated by the same consultation strategies applied to other stakeholders in rural law and policy. This article uses an administrative law doctrinal research approach to identify the specific issues and requirements for Aboriginal consultation relating to cultural heritage. Consideration is given to the effectiveness of the case study consultation requirements, the duty design, and the recent Land and Environment Court judgment of Ashton Coal Operations Pty Limited v Director-General, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water. The article argues that statutory consultation requirements and purposes can, and should, be taken more seriously. The law reform discussion highlighted in the paper considers how identified consultation requirements can be incorporated into Australian Cultural Heritage legislation, and the possible impact of such incorporation on the purpose of the consultation. More broadly, the law reform discussion indicates that when consultation requirements are tailored to suit the purpose of the consultation and the consultation parties, the law can play a positive role in consultation, engagement and capacity building.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: cultural heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: NSW cultural heritage law
  topic: keywords
subject: consultation
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Heritage law
  topic: subjects
subject: Cultural heritage law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kylie Lingard
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 Kylie Lingard
date: 2012-08-16
publication date: 2012-08-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 25
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2012.2712

The regulation of diffuse pollution in the European Union: science, governance and water resource management
type: item
description: Reducing diffuse pollution is a perpetuating problem for environmental regulators. This paper will consider novel ways to regulate its impacts on the aquatic environment, with particular reference to rural landuse. It will look at the relationship between science, policy and law, and the contributions of integrated water resources management and governance at regional, national and river basin scales. Regulatory frameworks for water in the European Union will be explored, along with their implementation nationally in Scotland and at catchment scale in the Tweed river basin. It will conclude that regulation has a role to play, but that it is necessary to take a visionary holistic and integrated approach, nesting regulation within a governance framework that involves all stakeholders and takes full account of developing science and socio-economic drivers to meet environmental objectives.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: diffuse pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated water resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Hendry
creator: Alison Reeves
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 Sarah Hendry, Alison Reeves
date: 2012-11-13
publication date: 2012-11-13
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2012.2699

Mining, regional Australia and the economic multiplier
type: item
description: Mining in Australia has traditionally delivered a strong development multiplier for regional communities where most mines are based. This relationship has weakened in recent decades as a result of the introduction of mobile workforces - typically known as fly in, fly out. Political parties have responded with policies known as ‘royalties for regions’, though in designing them they overlooked long established Indigenous arrangements for sharing benefits with areas affected directly by mining.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
creator: Paul Cleary
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Cleary
date: 2012-12-01
publication date: 2012-12-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.2706

Business structures and sustainable regional legal practice: the use of incorporated legal practices by regional, rural and remote legal practitioners
type: item
description: Since 2007 the Legal Profession Act 2007 (Qld) has offered legal practitioners a wider choice of business structure other than sole practitioner or partnership, to include incorporated legal practice ('ILP') or multidisciplinary partnership. In particular the use of ILPs offers legal practitioners a range of benefits in terms of operating a law firm consistent with business management practices. The status of ILP however comes at a cost of putting in place 'appropriate management systems'. This paper refers to the legislation and the literature on the range of business structures, before giving an insight into the actual choice of business structures used by Queensland regional, rural and remote legal practitioners. What is the awareness of the new business structures? And are there factors inhibiting RRR legal practitioners from their use? This paper draws on over 30 interviews with sole practitioners, partners and legal practitioner directors about their choice of business structure.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: legal profession
  topic: keywords
subject: legal education
  topic: keywords
subject: rural legal practice
  topic: keywords
subject: business management
  topic: keywords
subject: H - Social Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: legal profession
  topic: disciplines
subject: legal education
  topic: disciplines
subject: rural legal practice
  topic: disciplines
subject: business management
  topic: disciplines
creator: Caroline Lydia Hart
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Caroline Lydia Hart
date: 2012-12-31
publication date: 2012-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.2660

‘Placing’ the other: final year law students’ ‘imagined’ experience of rural and regional practice within the law school context
type: item
description: This paper discusses the partial findings from a research study involving a narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with twelve final year law students. The research explored student attitudes to, and perceptions of, legal practice in rural, regional and remote (RRR) communities – that is, their ’imagined experience’. The research findings suggests that, at least in the context of the non-regional law school, the rural/regional is both absent and ‘other’, revealing the ‘urban-centric’ nature of legal education and its failure to adequately expose students to rural and regional practice contexts that can help to positively shape their ‘imagined’ experience. This paper argues that all law schools must take up the challenge of rural inclusiveness by integrating a sense of ‘place-consciousness’ into the law curriculum.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: rural and regional legal practice
  topic: keywords
subject: rural social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: law curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: rural and regional legal practice
  topic: disciplines
subject: rural social justice
  topic: disciplines
subject: law curriculum
  topic: disciplines
creator: Trish Karen Mundy
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Trish Karen Mundy
date: 2012-12-31
publication date: 2012-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.2669

Centre-periphery tensions in legal theory and practice: can law and lawyers resist urban imperialism?
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: rural social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: legal theory
  topic: keywords
subject: legitimacy
  topic: keywords
subject: legal education
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: subjects
subject: rural social justice
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kim Economides
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Kim Economides
date: 2012-12-31
publication date: 2012-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.3126

"Fit in or F#$@ off": the (non) disclosure of sexual harassment in rural workplaces
type: item
description: In this paper we consider the complexities associated with the internal workplace disclosure of sexual harassment for rural employees. We acknowledge the existence of certain accompanying ‘special issues’ for rural women and predict that these elements (such as the traditionally conservative bush attitudes about violence against women, the added cultural dimensions of small-town gossip and self-reliance and the impact of isolation) would have some impact on the inclination of rural women to report workplace sexual harassment. To test that hypothesis, a sample of female employees and a sample of employers from different areas considered as ‘rural’ were interviewed. In defining ‘rural’ for this purpose we adopted a social constructionist approach. We report on participants’ experiences and attitudes about making an internal sexual harassment complaint. We discuss the barriers to disclosure that respondents perceive. We identify the types of rural workplaces (occupation, rurality, gender ratios) which tend to utilise sexual harassment policies and offer training, and we consider the impact of these on the likelihood of reporting. We also investigate whether other variables, such as the type of harassment experienced, employees’ attitude about what constitutes sexual harassment and reporting, age, seniority and/or education affect reporting. We conclude that disclosure practices could be improved by the implementation of visiting sexual harassment consultants/officers who would visit rural communities to educate, hear complaints, help with the development of policies, provide advice referral to counseling mediation and provide follow up.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: sexual harassment
  topic: keywords
subject: rural social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: rural employees
  topic: keywords
subject: Social justice law
  topic: subjects
subject: social justice
  topic: disciplines
subject: sexual harassment
  topic: disciplines
subject:
  topic: disciplines
creator: Skye Saunders
creator: Patricia Lynn Easteal
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Skye Saunders, Patricia Lynn Easteal
date: 2012-12-31
publication date: 2012-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.3127

Program and Abstracts - Second National Rural and Regional Law and Justice Conference
type: item
description: This file contains the program and abstracts of presentations made at the Second National Rural and Regional Law and Justice Conference held on 18-20 May 2012, Aanuka Beach Resort, Coffs Harbour. Many of the abstracts contain details of where further information can be found about the presentation topic.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Rural and regional law
  topic: keywords
subject: rural social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: subjects
subject: Rural law and justice
  topic: disciplines
creator: Miriam Verbeek
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Miriam Verbeek
date: 2012-12-31
publication date: 2012-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.3130

Editorial for the Special Edition 2012
type: item
description: Editorial by Amanda Kennedy.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: rural and regional law
  topic: keywords
subject: rural justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Amanda Kennedy
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Amanda Kennedy
date: 2013-01-29
publication date: 2013-01-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.3129

REDD+ and the Clean Development Mechanism: A comparative perspective
type: item
description: The program, ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), which operates within the international climate change policy framework, is projected to emerge as one of the key climate change mitigation mechanisms for developing countries. The existing Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) mechanism, operating under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prove useful for drawing lessons for the emerging REDD program, since both mechanisms represent flexible means for developed countries to achieve compliance with their mitigation targets under the Kyoto Protocol. The possible means include CDM as the basis for a project-based approach for the implementation of REDD (if adopted) or the inclusion of REDD within CDM. This article compares the features of A/R CDM and REDD, identifies similarities and differences, and analyses the extent to which the former can provide guidance for the development of a carbon governance mechanism for REDD.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: clean development mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: deforestation
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: forestry governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Lovleen Bhullar
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Lovleen Bhullar
date: 2013-04-22
publication date: 2013-04-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3229

Tropical wetlands and REDD+: Three unique scientific challenges for policy
type: item
description: The carbon sequestration and storage value of terrestrial habitats is now increasingly appreciated, and is the basis for Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) policies such as REDD+. Tropical wetlands may be suitable for inclusion in such schemes because of the disproportionately large volume of carbon they are able to store. However, tropical wetlands offer a number of unique challenges for carbon management and policy compared to terrestrial forest systems: 1) Tropical wetlands are dynamic and subject to a wide range of physical and ecological processes that affect their long-term carbon storage potential – thus, such systems can quickly become a carbon source instead of a sink; 2) Carbon dynamics in tropical wetlands often operate over longer time-scales than are currently covered by REDD+ payments; and 3) Much of the carbon in a tropical wetland is stored in the soil, so monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) needs to adequately encapsulate the entire ecosystem and not just the vegetative component. This paper discusses these physical and biological concepts, and highlights key legal, management and policy questions that must be considered when constructing a policy framework to conserve these crucial ecosystems.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Carbon
  topic: keywords
subject: coastal management
  topic: keywords
subject: mangrove
  topic: keywords
subject: PES
  topic: keywords
subject: peat swamp
  topic: keywords
subject: GE170-190
  topic: subjects
subject: KZA(3481)-(3900)
  topic: subjects
subject: GB450-460
  topic: subjects
subject: GC1000-1023
  topic: subjects
subject: SD411-428
  topic: subjects
subject: K3581-(3598)
  topic: subjects
subject: conservation policy
  topic: disciplines
subject: coastal management
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Daniel A Friess
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Daniel A Friess
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3258

A survey of ASEAN instruments relating to peatlands, mangroves and other wetlands: The REDD+ context
type: item
description: Since the 13th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit in November 2007, held in Singapore, ASEAN has accelerated its response to climate change issues, including REDD+ as a mechanism for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to enhance conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. There are many wetlands in ASEAN including more than 25 million ha of peatlands spread over Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, Vietnam and Lao PDR. The peatlands account for 60 per cent of global tropical peatland resources. They are of significance for sequestration of carbon. However, degraded wetlands, including peatlands, are also a major source of greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. Of the types of wetlands, ASEAN has focused attention predominantly on peatlands in relation to REDD+, mainly because of the ‘Indonesian Haze’. The Asia-Pacific Centre for Environmental Law (APCEL) organised a Workshop titled, REDD+ and Legal Regimes of Mangroves, Peatland and Other Wetlands: ASEAN and the World, in Singapore from 15-16 November 2012. The articles contained in this special themed edition of the International Journal of Rural Law and Policy (IJRLP) contains a selection of the papers presented. This editorial will provide a brief background to some aspects of REDD+. Included in this issue of IJRLP is a summary of the proceedings of the workshop as interpreted by the assigned rapporteur and editors of APCEL. These summaries were reviewed and approved by the presenters.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: clean development mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: deforestation
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: wetlands
  topic: keywords
subject: peatlands
  topic: keywords
subject: mangroves
  topic: keywords
subject: International law and policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kheng-Lian Koh
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Kheng-Lian Koh
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3349

The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity, REDD+ and climate change in mangrove ecosystems of Southeast Asia
type: item
description: Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats. They occupy large stretches of the sub-tropical and tropical coastlines around the world. They not only provide valuable goods such as timber, fish and medicinal plants but also vital ecological services, such as prevention of coastal erosion. They also help buffer coastal communities from storms and floods. During the ASEAN Conference on Biodiversity held in Singapore in 2009, Ellison reported that mangrove forests in South East Asia are among the highest biodiversity resources in the world, occupying an area of 60.9 x 102 km2. Unfortunately, the region also has the highest rates of mangrove loss in the world, losing 628 km2 per year in two decades. In many parts of the world, where mangrove forests have been cleared, there are now problems of erosion and siltation, and loss of life and property have occurred due to destructive hurricanes, storms and tsunamis. The complex relationship between climate change and mangrove ecosystems can be seen from two different angles. On the one hand, mangrove ecosystems have a critical function in combating climate change; on the other hand, they are affected by climate change. The values of ecosystems vary according to local biophysical and ecological circumstances and the social, economic and cultural context. Intangible values, which may be reflected in society’s willingness to pay to conserve particular species or landscapes, or to protect common resources, must be considered alongside more tangible values such as food or timber to provide a complete economic picture. This has important implications for mangrove conservation strategies and suggests that the preservation of contiguous areas is preferable to patches that are spatially dispersed.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: mangroves
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: TEEB
  topic: keywords
subject: economics
  topic: disciplines
subject:
  topic: disciplines
creator: Filiberto Pollisco
creator: Dicky Simorangkir
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Filiberto Pollisco, Dicky Simorangkir
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3350

The implementation limitations of and alternative policy solutions for Indonesia's REDD+ program concerning peatland restoration
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: deforestation
  topic: keywords
subject: palm oil
  topic: keywords
subject: peatlands
  topic: keywords
subject: buy-out
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sarah Guzick
creator: Nicholas Robinson
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Sarah Guzick, Nicholas Robinson
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3351

The risks of using REDD+ to manage rich socio-ecological systems
type: item
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subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: international law
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: policy
  topic: keywords
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: International law and policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Paul Vincent Martin
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Vincent Martin
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3352

To exploit or not to exploit: The structure and development of arguments over the use of wetlands
type: item
description: This paper considers the discourse surrounding the exploitation of wetlands (also called marshlands, bogs, mires and peatlands) in Finland. The focus of the paper is on the development of the arguments used in the discourse – thus the paper also gives an insight into how the legal regimes concerning wetlands have developed. The arguments are analysed using the dualistic and deconstructive model developed in Critical Legal Studies by Martti Koskenniemi. The hypothesis is that, to some extent, the model developed for international law can be adapted to fit national laws, but that significant problems may still arise. Throughout the history of discourse on wetlands, legal arguments have essentially dealt with the conflict between the conservation of wetlands or their exploitation for peat, which is a source of energy. Three arguments are discussed in this paper: 1) The ‘sovereignty argument’; 2) The ‘no harm argument’; and 3) The ‘climate change argument’. The sovereignty argument has been dominant from the beginning of the industrialised production of peat, but the no harm argument has been steadily gaining weight. Interestingly, the climate change argument lacks traction in the discourse even though the importance of wetlands in adaptation to climate change is common knowledge. This paper argues that regional and national authorities use legislation and the no harm argument in innovative ways. These innovations may be useful for the aims underlying the climate change argument.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: critical legal studies
  topic: keywords
subject: peatlands
  topic: keywords
subject: Finland
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tiina Korvela
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Tiina Korvela
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3353

Extending REDD+ to mangroves and wetlands for small island states and a case study for the conservation of mangroves and inter-tidal mudflats in Singapore
type: item
description: This paper briefly discusses the prospects of using coastal wetlands as REDD+ projects for small island states. The paper contends that the city-state of Singapore would do well to enhance existing laws to more specifically address the challenges and threats faced in conserving mangroves and inter-tidal mudflats, and support their conservation and rehabilitation, not just to facilitate the implementation of REDD+ projects but also to meet other goals like biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation. The proposal is to expand Sungei Buloh to encompass the mudflats at Kranji which is home to the mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscrorpius rotundicauda); aligned with inter-tidal and coastal management strategies advanced under the auspices of the Ramsar Convention, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the IUCN. However, there are considerable challenges in maintaining an intact eco-system in the face of rapid development, not only in Singapore itself but also in the neighbouring state of Johor, Malaysia. The paper examines the specific legal strategies that will be required to meet the various objectives of conservation in the context of Singapore's laws and the challenges posed by the development plans of both Singapore and Malaysia.
subject: Articles (PEER REVIEWED)
  topic: section
subject: REDD
  topic: keywords
subject: coastal wetlands
  topic: keywords
subject: island states
  topic: keywords
subject: International law and policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lin Heng LYE
creator: Vinayagan Dharmarajah
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 Lin Heng LYE, Vinayagan Dharmarajah
date: 2013-07-07
publication date: 2013-07-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3354