Interacting possibilities between off-site manufacturing and building information modelling for performance improvement
Main Article Content
Abstract
Building information modelling (BIM) and Off-site manufacturing (OSM) have been extensively studied as separate concepts, yet few studies have examined their combined application as a hybrid approach. The current immature level of BIM adoption and OSM's limited success in Australia urged this research to investigate the innovative simultaneous interactions of building information modelling (BIM) and off-site manufacturing (OSM) in the Australian construction industry, while its novel application in the larger global construction industry environment is equally considered crucial for the advancement of research in this sector. Structural equation modelling was applied to investigate complex relationships between dependent and independent variables. In this empirical study, 105 academic publications were reviewed to build a solid foundation to support the findings. The findings show that OSM and BIM are not widely used in Australia. Individually, these capabilities have had no considerable impact on the overall performance of projects. Also, BIM and OSM have constructively interacted when they are concurrently applied. The study concluded that systematic implementation of OSM–BIM interactions could improve key productivity indicators, followed by the performance improvement of projects. Implementing this OSM–BIM hybrid approach that aligns with the Diffusion of Innovation Theory is best applied at the planning and managerial stages to ensure a practical operating system in OSM-based projects supported by BIM.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Open Access Citation Advantage Service). Where authors include such a work in an institutional repository or on their website (ie. a copy of a work which has been published in a UTS ePRESS journal, or a pre-print or post-print version of that work), we request that they include a statement that acknowledges the UTS ePRESS publication including the name of the journal, the volume number and a web-link to the journal item.
d) Authors should be aware that the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License permits readers to share (copy and redistribute the work in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the work) for any purpose, even commercially, provided they also give appropriate credit to the work, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. They may do these things in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests you or your publisher endorses their use.
References
Aibinu, A. A & Papadonikolaki E. 2020. Conceptualizing and operationalizing team task interdependences: BIM implementation assessment using effort distribution analytics. Construction Management and Economics. 38(5): 420-446. DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2019.1623409
Alarcón D. Sánchez J A, & De Olavide U. 2015. Assessing convergent and discriminant validity in the ADHD-R IV rating scale: User-written commands for Average Variance Extracted (AVE). Composite Reliability (CR), and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The Spanish STATA Meeting, October 22, Seville, Spainavailable, at:https://www.stata.com/meeting/spain15/abstracts/materials/spain15_alarcon.pdf
Alwisy A, Hamdan S B, Barkokebas B, Bouferguene A, and Al-Hussein M A. 2019. BIM-based automation of design and drafting for manufacturing of wood panels for modular residential buildings. International Journal of Construction Management. 19(3): 187-205, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2017.1411458
Arashpour M, Bai Y, Kamat V, Hosseini R, & Martek I. 2018. Project production flows in off-site prefabrication: BIM-enabled railway infrastructure. The proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Jun 28- July 1, National Taiwan University of Science, Taipei, Taiwan, 80-87.
Arashpour M, Heidarpour, A, Nezhad A A, Hosseinifard Z, Chileshe N & Hosseini R. 2020. Performance-based control of variability and tolerance in off-site manufacture and assembly: optimization of penalty on poor production quality. Construction Management and Economics. 38(6): 502-514. DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2019.1616789
Arif M, and Egbu C. 2010. Making a case for offsite construction in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 17(6): 536-548. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981011090170.
Arif M, Blismas N, and Wakefield R. 2009. Drivers, constraints and the future of offsite manufacture in Australia. Construction Innovation. 9 (1): 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714170910931552
Azhar, S. (2011). Building information modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry. Leadership and management in engineering. 11(3): 241-252.
Babič, N. Č., Podbreznik, P., & Rebolj, D. 2010. Integrating resource production and construction using BIM. Automation in Construction. 19 (50): 539-543.
Blismas N. 2007. Off-site manufacture in Australia: Current state and future directions. Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation, Brisbane, Australia.
Blismas N. 2007. Off-site manufacture in Australia: Current state and future directions: Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation.
Bodea CN & Purnuş A. 2018. Legal implications of adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM). Juridical Tribune Journal. 8 (1): 63-72.
Bortolini R. Formoso C T, & Viana D D 2019. Site logistics planning and control for engineer-to-order prefabricated building systems using BIM 4D modeling. Automation in Construction. 98: 248-264.
Boyd N, Khalfan M M, & Maqsood T. 2013. Off-site construction of apartment buildings. Journal of Architectural Engineering. 19(1): 51-57.
Brannen J. 2005. Mixing methods: The entry of qualitative and quantitative approaches into the research process. International journal of social research methodology. 8(3): 173-184.
Chao-Duivis M. 2011. Some legal aspects of BIM in establishing a collaborative relationship. The Management and Innovation for a Sustainable Built Environment; MISBE 2011, June 20-23, Amsterdam, Netherland.
Choi J O, Chen X B, and Kim T W. Opportunities and challenges of modular methods in dense urban environment. International journal of construction management. 2019. 19(2): 93-105, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2017.1382093
Darko A, Chan A P, Yang Y, & Tetteh M O. 2020. Building information modeling (BIM)-based modular integrated construction risk management–Critical survey and future needs. Computers in Industry, 123: 103327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103327
Dolage D, & Chan P. 2013. Productivity in construction-a critical review of research. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 46 (4): 31-42.
Duc E, Forsythe P, & Orr K. 2014. Is there really a case for Off-Site Manufacturing? Paper presented at the 31st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Mining, ISARC 2014-Proceedings.
Edirisinghe R, & London K. 2015. Comparative analysis of international and national level BIM standardization efforts and BIM adoption. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 32nd CIB W78 Conference.
Elnaas H, Ashton P, & Gidado K. 2009. Decision making process for using off-site manufacturing systems for housing projects. The 25th Annual ARCOM Conference, Sep 7- 9, Nottingham, UK.
Ezcan V, Isikdag U, & Goulding J. 2013. BIM and off-site manufacturing: recent research and opportunities. Proceedings of the 19th CIB World Building Congress, 05-09 May, Brisbane, Australia.
Fadoul A, Tizani W, & Koch C. 2017. Constructability assessment model for buildings design. The International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, July 10-12, pp. 86-95, Nottingham, UK.
Fan SL, Chong HY, Liao, PC, & Lee CY. 2019. Latent provisions for Building Information Modeling (BIM) contracts: a social network analysis approach. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23 (4): 1427-1435.
Fox S & Hietanen J. 2007. Interorganizational use of building information models: potential for automational, informational and transformational effects. Construction Management and Economics. 25(3): 289-296, DOI: 10.1080/01446190600892995
Gade P N, Gade A N, Otrel-Cass K, & Svidt K. 2019. A holistic analysis of a BIM-mediated building design process using activity theory. Construction Management and Economics. 37(6): 336-350. DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2018.1533644
Gambatese J A, & Hallowell M. 2011. Enabling and measuring innovation in the construction industry. Construction management and economics. 29(6): 553-567.
Gelic G, Neimann R, and Wallwork A. 2016. What you need to know about BIM in Australia.Accessed January 9, 2018. https://www .ipwea.org/blogs/intouch/2016/08/01/what-you-need-to-know-about -bim-in-australia
Ghaffarianhoseini A, Tookey J, Ghaffarianhoseini A, Naismith N, Azhar S, Efimova O, & Raahemifar, K. 2017. Building Information Modelling (BIM) uptake: Clear benefits, understanding its implementation, risks and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 75: (1046-1053).
Hamdan S B, Barkokebas B, Manrique J D, & Al-Hussein M. 2015. A BIM-based simulation model for inventory management in panelized construction. The Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. Oulu, Finland, doi: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2015/0092.
Hamid Z, and Anuar M K. 2012. Aspects of off‐site manufacturing application towards sustainable construction in Malaysia. Construction Innovation. 12 (1): 4-10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/14714171211204185.
Hou L, Tan Y, Luo W, Xu S, Mao C, and Moon S. 2020. Towards a more extensive application of off-site construction: a technological review. International Journal of Construction Management, 1-12, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1768463
Hosseini M R, Banihashemi S, Martek I, Golizadeh H, & Ghodoosi F. 2018. Sustainable delivery of megaprojects in Iran: Integrated model of contextual factors. Journal of Management in Engineering. 34 (2): 1-12. Doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) ME.1943-5479.0000587.
Hosseini M R, Maghrebi M, Akbarnezhad A, Martek I, & Arashpour M. 2018. Analysis of citation networks in building information modeling research. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.144 (8). Doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) CO.1943-7862.0001492.
Hosseini M R, Maghrebi M, Chileshe N, & Waller S T. 2016. An Investigation into the Perceived Quality of Communications in Dispersed Construction Project Teams. The Construction Research Congress, San Juan, Puerto Ricopp. 1813-1822.
Hosseini M R, Martek I, Papadonikolaki E, Sheikhkhoshkar M, Banihashemi S, & Arashpour M. 2018. Viability of the BIM manager enduring as a distinct role: association rule mining of job advertisements. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 144 (9). Doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) CO.1943-7862.0001542.
Hosseini M, Bosch-Sijtsema P, Arashpour M, Chileshe N, and Merschbrock C. 2018. A qualitative investigation of perceived impacts of virtuality on effectiveness of hybrid construction project teams.Construction Innovation. 18 (1): 109-131. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-10-2016-0052
Hosseini M, Pärn E, Edwards D, Papadonikolaki E, & Oraee M. 2018. Roadmap to mature BIM use in Australian SMEs: competitive dynamics perspective. Journal of Management in Engineering. 34 (5). Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000636
Hosseini M, Roelvink R, Papadonikolaki E, Edwards D, and Pärn E. 2018. Integrating BIM into facility management: Typology matrix of information handover requirements. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation. 36(1):2-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-08-2017-0034
Hossain M, and Chua D. 2014. Overlapping design and construction activities and an optimization approach to minimize rework. International journal of project management. 32(6): 983-994.
Hughes R, and Thorpe D. 2014. A review of enabling factors in construction industry productivity in an Australian environment. Construction Innovation. 14 (2): 210-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-03-2013-0016.
Hu, X, Chong, HY, Wang X, & London K. 2019. Understanding stakeholders in off-site manufacturing: a literature review. Journal of construction engineering and management. 145(8): 03119003.
Irizarry J, Meadati P, Barham W S, & Akhnoukh A. 2012. Exploring applications of building information modeling for enhancing visualization and information access in engineering and construction education environments. International Journal of Construction Education and Research. 8 (2): 119-145. DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2011.647247.
Issa R R, & Olbina S. 2015. Building information modeling: applications and practices. ASCE library. available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413982.
Javed A A, Pan W, Chen L, & Zhan W. 2018. A systemic exploration of drivers for and constraints on construction productivity enhancement. Built Environment Project and Asset Management. 8 (3): 239-252.
Jones P, & Comfort D. 2018. The construction industry and the circular economy. International Journal of Management Cases. 20 (1): 4-15.
Jrade A, & Lessard J. 2015. An integrated BIM system to track the time and cost of construction projects: a case study. Journal of Construction Engineering. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/579486.
Jung W, & Lee G. 2015. The status of BIM adoption on six continents. International journal of civil, environmental, structural, construction and architectural engineering. 9(5): 444-448.
Jung Y, & Joo M. 2011. Building information modelling (BIM) framework for practical implementation. Automation in construction. 20(2): 126-133.
Kale S, & Arditi D. 2010. Innovation diffusion modeling in the construction industry. Journal of construction engineering and management. 136(3): 329-340.
Khanzadi M, Sheikhkhoshkar M, and Banihashemi S. 2020. BIM applications toward key performance indicators of construction projects in Iran. International Journal of Construction Management. 20(4): p. 305-320.
Kenley R. 2014. Productivity improvement in the construction process. Construction management and economics. 32 (6): 489-494
Khalfan M, & Maqsood T. 2014. Current state of off-site manufacturing in Australian and Chinese residential construction. Journal of Construction Engineering. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/164863.
Khosrowshahi F, & Arayici Y. 2012. Roadmap for implementation of BIM in the UK construction Industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 19(6): 610- 635.
Kiani I, Sadeghifam A N, Ghomi S K, & Marsono A K B. 2015. Barriers to implementation of building information modeling in scheduling and planning phase in Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 9 (5): 91-97.
Lee M, Lee D, Kim T, & Lee UK. 2020. Practical Analysis of BIM Tasks for Modular Construction Projects in South Korea. Sustainability. 12(17): 6900.
Lee J, & Kim J. 2017. BIM-based 4D simulation to improve module manufacturing productivity for sustainable building projects. Sustainability. 9(3): 426.
Lee W, Kang S, Moh R, Wu R, Hsieh H, & Shu Z. 2015. Application of BIM coordination technology to HSR Changhua station. Visualization in Engineering. 3 (1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-014-0008-9
Li Z, Shen G Q, & Xue X. 2014. Critical review of the research on the management of prefabricated construction. Habitat International. 43(7): 240-249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.04.001
Liu Z, Osmani M. Demian P, & Baldwin A N. 2011. The potential use of BIM to aid construction waste minimalisation. The CIB W78-W102 2011: International Conference, 26th-28th October, Sophia Antipolis, France, paper 53.
Liu Y, Van Nederveen S, and Hertogh M. 2017. Understanding effects of BIM on collaborative design and construction: An empirical study in China. International journal of project management. 35(4): . 686-698.
Love E D, Matthews J , and Lockley S P, Kassem M, Kelly G, Dawood N, Serginson M, and Lockley S. 2015. BIM in facilities management applications: a case study of a large university complex. Built Environment Project and Asset Management. 5 (3): 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-02-2014-0011
Luth G P, Schorer A, & Turkan Y. 2014. Lessons from using BIM to increase design-construction integration. Practice periodical on structural design and construction. 19 (1):103-110.
Martinez P, Ahmad R, & Al-Hussein M. 2019. Automatic Selection Tool of Quality Control Specifications for Off-site Construction Manufacturing Products: A BIM-based Ontology Model Approach. Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings, May 21-24, Banff, Canada, pp. 141-148, doi: https://doi.org/10.29173/mocs87.
Martinez-Aires M D, Lopez-Alonso M, & Martinez-Rojas M. 2018. Building information modeling and safety management: A systematic review. Safety science. 101: 11-18. available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.08.015.
McGraw-Hill Construction. 2011. Prefabrication and modularization: increasing productivity in the construction industry. Smart Market report. New Orleans, USA.
Migilinskas D, Popov V, Juocevicius V, & Ustinovichius L. 2013. The benefits, obstacles and problems of practical BIM implementation. Procedia Engineering, 57, 767-774.
Mostafa S, Kim K P, Tam V W, & Rahnamayie zekavat, P. 2020. Exploring the status, benefits, barriers and opportunities of using BIM for advancing prefabrication practice. International Journal of Construction Management 20(2): 146-156.
Mostafa S, Kim P K, and Rahnamayizekavat P. 2020. Exploring the status, benefits, barriers and opportunities of using BIM for advancing prefabrication practice. International Journal of Construction Management. 20(2): 146-156, DOI:10.1080/15623599.2018.1484555
Mustafa M, & Klufallah A, Khamidi M F. 2018. Computational Model for Financial and Environmental Assessment of Purpose Built Offices towards Low Carbon Buildings in Malaysia. 2nd Malaysia University-Industry Green Building Collaboration Symposium, 8th May, Puri Pujangga, Malaysia.
Nath T, Attarzadeh M, Tiong R L, Chidambaram C, & Yu Z. 2015. Productivity improvement of precast shop drawings generation through BIM-based process re-engineering. Automation in Construction. 54(6): 54-68.
Nassar N K. 2009. An integrated framework for evaluation of performance of construction projects. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress , North America, Orlando, FL, Newtown Square.
Nawari N O. 2012. BIM standard in off-site construction. Journal of Architectural Engineering. 18 (2): 107-113.
Ocheoha I A, & Moselhi O. 2018. A BIM-based Supply Chain Integration for Prefabrication and Modularization. Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings, March 22-25, Hollywood, USA. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29173/mocs35.
Ocheoha I, & Moselhi O. 2013. Impact of Building Information Modeling on Just-In-Time material Delivery. The Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. August 11-15, Montréal, Canada. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2013/0086.
Oraee M, , Hosseini M R, Edwards D J, Li H, Papadonikolaki E, Cao D. 2019. Collaboration barriers in BIM-based construction networks: A conceptual model. International Journal of Project Management, 2019. 37(6): 839-854.
Pan W, Gibb A G, & Dainty A R. 2012. Strategies for integrating the use of off-site production technologies in house building. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 138 (11): 1331-1340.
Pezeshki Z, Soleimani A, & Darabi A. 2019. Application of BEM and using BIM database for BEM: A review. Journal of Building Engineering. 23, 1-17 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.01.021
Hosseini R M, Pärn E, Edwards D, Papadonikolaki E, & Oraee M. 2018. Roadmap to mature BIM use in Australian SMEs: Competitive dynamics perspective. Journal of management in engineering. 34(5): 05018008.
Sabet, P, & Chong H Y. 2018. A conceptual hybrid OSM-BIM framework to improve construction project performance. EDUCATING BUILDING PROFESSIONALS FOR THE FUTURE IN THE GLOBALISED WORLD, Singapore, pp. 204-213, September 26-28.
Sabet P, & Chong H Y. 2019. Interactions between building information modelling and off-site manufacturing for productivity improvement. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 13 (2): 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-08-2018-0168
Santos J R A. 1999. Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of extension. 37 (2): 1-5.
Santos R, Costa A A, Silvestre J D, & Pyl L. 2019. Informetric analysis and review of literature on the role of BIM in sustainable construction. Automation in Construction. 103:221-234.
Shang Z, & Shen Z. 2016. A framework for a site safety assessment model using statistical 4D BIM-based spatial-temporal collision detection. The Construction Research Congress, May 31–June 2, 2016 | San Juan, Puerto Rico. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479827.218
Sustainable Built Environment National Research Center. 2017. Accelerating the Mainstreaming of Building Manufacture in Australia. Final industry report Project 1.42, Perth, Western Australia.
Singh M M, Sawhney A, and Borrmann A. 2019. Integrating rules of modular coordination to improve model authoring in BIM. International Journal of Construction Management. 19(1):15-31, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2017.1358077
Tang X, Chon, HY, & Zhang W. 2019. Relationship between BIM Implementation and Performance of OSM Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering. 35(5). Aoi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) ME.1943-5479.0000704.
Tang X, Chong HY, & Zhang W. 2019. Relationship between BIM Implementation and Performance of OSM Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering. 35 (5). Doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) ME.1943-5479.0000704.
Tibaut A, Rebolj D, & Perc M N. 2016. Interoperability requirements for automated manufacturing systems in construction. Journal of intelligent manufacturing. 27 (1): 251-262.
Utiome E, & Drogemuller R. 2013. An approach for extending Building Information Models (BIM) to specifications. The Proceedings of the 30th CIB W78 International Conference on Applications of IT in the AEC Industry, Tsinghua University, China, 290-299.
Vernikos V K, Goodier C I, Broyd T W, Robery P C, & Gibb A G. 2014. Building information modelling and its effect on off-site construction in UK civil engineering. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineering-Management, Procurement and Law. 167 (3): 152-159.
Wang J, Wang X, Shou W, Chong HY, & Guo J. 2016. Building information modeling-based integration of MEP layout designs and constructability. Automation in Construction. 61: 134-146. available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.10.003.
Wasim M, Serra P V, and Ngo T D. 2020. Design for manufacturing and assembly for sustainable, quick and cost-effective prefabricated construction–a review. International Journal of Construction Management, 1-9, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1837720
Woo J H. 2006. Building information modeling and pedagogical challenges. Proceedings of the 43rd ASC National Annual Conference, April 12-14, Flagstaff, AZ.
Wu S, Wood G, Ginige K, & Jong S W. 2014. A technical review of BIM based cost estimating in UK quantity surveying practice, standards and tools. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon). 19: 534-562. Available at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/22902.
Yahya M A. 2010. Modernizing Construction Using Rapid Construction Concept. PARADIGM SHIFT IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, Dec 1-2, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Yeoh J K W, Wong J H, and Peng L. 2016. Integrating crane information models in BIM for checking the compliance of lifting plan requirements. 33rd Int. Symp. of Automation and Robotics in Construction, Vilnius Gediminas Technical Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Yin X, Liu H, Chen Y, & Al-Hussein M. 2019. Building information modelling for off-site construction: Review and future directions. Automation in Construction. 101: 72-91. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.010.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.01.010.
Young N, Jones S, Bernstein H. 2007. Transforming design and construction to achieve greater industry productivity. Smart Market report, New Orleans, McGraw-Hill Construction.
Zomer T, Neely A, Sacks R, & Parlikad, A. 2021. Exploring the influence of socio-historical constructs on BIM implementation: an activity theory perspective. Construction Management and Economics. 39(1): 1-20. DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2020.1792522
Zhai X, Reed R, & Mills A. 2014. Embracing off-site innovation in construction in China to enhance a sustainable built environment in urban housing. International journal of construction management 14 (3): 123-133.
Zhang S, Sulankivi K, Kiviniemi M, Romo I, Eastman C M, & Teizer J. 2015. BIM-based fall hazard identification and prevention in construction safety planning. Safety science. 72: 31-45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.08.001