Abstract:
Many alternative energy technologies have been developed in an attempt to alleviate the critical problems of an escalating energy crisis and greenhouse gas pollution, derived from the consumption of fossil fuels. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries have attracted great attention at fundamental application levels because of their high energy density and design fl exibility. As such, they are considered as the most promising next generation power sources for electric vehicles. The development of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles demands high power energy sources which can operate under much higher current condition (tens of Amperes) than the operating current of mobilephones ( ~ 100 milli-Amperes).
