Abstract:
Presented in this paper is the formulation and application of a reinforced concrete frame element for nonlinear static, cyclic and dynamic analysis of framed structures under extreme loadings such as earthquake and impact. The effect of material nonlinearity is taken into account and mesh objectivity associated with softening of concrete under compression is addressed. Furthermore, geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the element formulation and effect of membrane action and nonlinearity on the global response of RC frames subjected to extreme loadings is studied. The torsional DOFs are added into element formulation and a simplified model is developed which can take account of interaction between normal and tangential forces (including torque). The formulation accuracy and efficiency are verified by different examples taken from the literature.
