http://hdl.handle.net/10453/188 2013-05-25T00:49:59Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/17736 The metapopulation paradigm: a fragmented view of conservation biology Thrall Peter; Burdon Jeremy; Murray Bradley Young A.G., Clarke G.M. In the past, single-population approaches have dominated ecology and evolutionary biology. However, populations are not isolated either in time or space, but are connected by among-population processes such as migration and gene flow.While this concept is not new, until recently, there have beenrelatively few studies that have explicitly investigated the effects od spatial structure on demographic and genetic processes in the context of conservation. The metapopulation framework explicitly recognises and provides a conceptual tool for dealing with the interactions of within - (e.g. birth, death, competition) and among-population processes (e.g. dispersal, gene flow, colonisation and extinction). The ever-growing diversity of empirical and theoretical studies that demonstrate the importance of spatial structure in determining ecological and evolutionary trajectories also indicates that long-term conservation programmes need to focus on regional rather than local within-population persistence. In this regard, it is important to realise that ultimately all populations are ephemeral, and therefore colonisation processes must also be preserved. Clearly, not all species whose populations have undergone fragmentation fit the definition of a metapopulation. Nevertheless, a metapopulation approach to conservation biology is likely to provide a useful tool for developing management strategies as it addresses genetic, species and community effects of fragmentation in a single framework, therby making explicit questions regarding extinction, population connectedness, species behavioural patterns and the survival of coevolved systems. In essence, a metapopulation perspective ensures a process oriented, scale-appropriate approach to conservation that focuses attention on among-population processes critical for persistence of many natural systems. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/17523 Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance George Anthony White, DG; Alekshun, MN; McDermott, PF 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/16865 Conservation and management of tropical coastal ecosystems Gladstone William I Nagelkerken All major coastal ecosystems in the tropics are being degraded. The problems include losses of biodiversity, reduced ecosystem functions, and costs to coastal human societies. Declines in species� abundances, and habitat loss and modi?cation are the result of the demands for aquaculture, port construction, trawling, excessive nutrient loads, over?shing and collecting, sedimentation from catchment activities, invasive species, and climate change. A global response to these changes has been conservation and management approaches that aim to reduce, reverse, and prevent unnatural changes and address their underlying causes. Successes in conservation and management are likely when actions are designed to achieve the fundamental ecological goals of ensuring resilience, maintaining ecosystem connectivity, protecting water quality, conserving species-at-risk, conserving representative samples of species and assemblages, and managing at the appropriate spatial scale. Achieving societal aspirations for coastal ecosystems requires that management approaches address the socio-economic aspects of issues and include stakeholder consultation, participation, and education 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10453/14264 Monitoring Drought Using Coarse-Resolution Polar-Orbiting Satellite Data Anyamba A.; Tucker C; Huete Alfredo; Boken V. Boken, V., Cracknell, A.P., and Heathcote, R.L. NA 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z