Traditional Chinese medicine and contemporary biomedicine have developed methodologies that observe and investigate the human body from different epistemological perspectives. Their conceptual differences have been a ...

According to the Huangdi Neijing, Suwen Chapter 8, the heart is the ruler of the body and the host for spirit brightness (shen ming). The paper examines the meaning and contribution of the heart with spirit brightness (xin ...

The term shenzhi means 'spirit-mind' and refers to the five spirits (shen, hun, po, yi, zhi) of early Chinese medical theorising. The theory of shenzhi provides a conceptual model that helps to explain Chinese medicine's ...